Jumat, 27 Juni 2014

[I832.Ebook] Free Ebook One With You (Thorndike Romance), by Sylvia Day

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One With You (Thorndike Romance), by Sylvia Day

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One With You (Thorndike Romance), by Sylvia Day

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One With You (Thorndike Romance), by Sylvia Day

"FROM #1 INTERNATIONAL BESTSELLING AUTHOR SYLVIA DAY "
"The final chapter in the global blockbuster Crossfire quintet"

Gideon Cross. Falling in love with him was the easiest thing I ve ever done. It happened instantly. Completely. Irrevocably.

Marrying him was a dream come true. Staying married to him is the fight of my life. Love transforms. Ours is both a refuge from the storm and the most violent of tempests. Two damaged souls entwined as one.

We have bared our deepest, ugliest secrets to one another. Gideon is the mirror that reflects all my flaws and all the beauty I couldn t see. He has given me everything. Now, I must prove I can be the rock, the shelter for him that he is for me. Together, we could stand against those who work so viciously to come between us.

But our greatest battle may lie within the very vows that give us strength. Committing to love was only the beginning. Fighting for it will either set us free ... or break us apart.

Heartbreakingly and seductively poignant, "One with You" is the breathlessly awaited finale to the Crossfire saga, the searing love story that has captivated millions of readers worldwide."

  • Sales Rank: #1760437 in Books
  • Published on: 2016-05-18
  • Formats: Large Print, International Edition
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.00" h x 5.55" w x 1.50" l, .0 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 626 pages

From Publishers Weekly
Prolific erotic romance author Day's fifth Crossfire novel brings the story of Gideon and Eva to a satisfying conclusion. The couple, now wed, are attempting to keep their marriage secret until they can celebrate with their loved ones, but multiple threats by vindictive people from their pasts undermine that effort. Savvy in business and social media, the two lovers cleverly combat their enemies while also managing to nourish their personal relationship through therapy, friends, and steady integration into each other's families. Narrating their stories in alternating chapters, Eva and Gideon relate their explosive physical attraction, their appreciation of how they help each other heal old emotional wounds, and their ever-increasing mutual trust. In one particularly moving scene, when Gideon desperately begs Eva to believe that he did not cheat on her despite what looks like incriminating evidence, her simple "I believe you" offers a stark contrast to his childhood experience of being disbelieved when he reported abuse. Glamorous people, swanky settings, steamy sex, and passionate married love make this a heartwarming, gratifying conclusion to the series. (Apr.)\n

Review
"Gideon and Eva's complicated relationship plays out with hurt, passion, obsession and most importantly, love. Day's writing is flawless and carries readers on the journey of these two broken characters toward each other and the all-consuming emotions that leap out of the book. A wonderful story written by a master storyteller!" - RT Book Reviews, Five Star Gold

"By not holding back any punches and truly saving the best for last, Sylvia Day has given these characters the ending they've always deserved, the ending I've always hoped for, the perfect conclusion to a story that remained poignant and electrifying until the very last page. And even though nothing could have ever truly prepared me for the end of a series that has meant so much to me for so long, a spectacular send-off such as this helps in no small measure." - Natasha is a Book Junkie, 6 Stars

"This was one of my most highly-anticipated books of the year and it delivered everything I'd hoped for and more!! ...I was left with such a full-filled and satisfied feeling that I couldn't be happier with the way their story concluded. Sylvia Day really did justice to this series because the ending was gorgeous. I truly loved it and highly recommend the Crossfire series to everyone as a top favorite!!" - Aestas Book Blog, Top Favorite

"What I loved best about this finale was how intimate and emotional it felt. We get that wonderful happy ending we've been longing for, cheering for, but their happily ever after is just beginning. They'll surely encounter more difficulties, as well as celebrate many, many moments of happiness. And perhaps that's what I most loved about this book... it may be the end of the series, but it's not the end of their story, and that's a wonderful thing to think about." - Vilma's Book Blog, 5 Stars

"Day's fifth Crossfire novel brings the story of Gideon and Eva to a satisfying conclusion. Narrating their stories in alternating chapters, Eva and Gideon relate their explosive physical attraction, their appreciation of how they help each other heal old emotional wounds, and their ever-increasing mutual trust. Glamorous people, swanky settings, steamy sex, and passionate married love make this a heartwarming, gratifying conclusion to the series." - Publishers Weekly

"Gideon and Eva’s complicated relationship plays out with hurt, passion, obsession and most importantly, love. Day’s writing is flawless and carries readers on the journey of these two broken characters toward each other and the all-consuming emotions that leap out of the book. A wonderful story written by a master storyteller!" - RT Book Reviews

About the Author
Sylvia Day is the #1 "New York Times, "#1 "USA Today, " and #1 international bestselling author of over 20 award-winning novels sold in more than 40 countries. She is a #1 bestselling author in 28 countries, with tens of millions of copies of her books in print. Her Crossfire(r) series has been optioned for television by Lionsgate.

Most helpful customer reviews

635 of 661 people found the following review helpful.
Really....that's what we waited for???
By SRKnight
Well, we've waited a long time for this ending...and to say I was disappointed may be an understatement. I certainly expected after this long, drawn out wait, that Eva and Gideon would get an amazing ending. They didn't, not even in the Epilogue. Most of the book was like reading the first four books on repeat...Eva wanting Gideon to give her more, open up. While Gideon always having a melt down because of his need to protect Eva and the fact that he didn't feel like he was the center of her world.

**Spoiler Alert**
I think the really weird "what???" was the storyline turning to Monica and her life, or rather prior life. The explanation was rushed and didn't add a lot to the story.

If you are looking for "What happened to Cary/Trey/Baby Mama", you won't get that answer. There is no conclusion there. Who knows if she has the baby, if there really is a baby, if the baby is really Cary's??? Trey is around but not in the picture at all. Cary was just kind of left in the wind.

Gideon and his mother's relationship never resolved. There was a hint of why his brother Christopher hated him so much, but really no resolution there either.

At one point, Eva shows up with a dog, like Gideon is the type to have a dog, any dog. But she shows up with what I assume is a small dog, a puppy from the description. Somehow, the dog has the miraculous sixth sense of a well trained, much older, much bigger, therapy dog for people with PTSD. This dog knows to wake Gideon and even at one point Eva from bad dreams and comfort them. This dog pops in and out of the story like an after thought. Another storyline without a lot of substance.

And of course, there was the usual pop up of the scorned females Gideon had been with, constantly being thrown in Eva's face, and leaving us with more questions. Was the tell all book written? What happened to Anne after her latest stunt? More snips of small pop up storylines that were left incomplete.

In the end, I was left with one big question mark and disappointment. I truly believed Sylvia Day would finish this series off in grand fashion, showing Gideon and Eva has a strong, powerful couple that fiercely ruled New York. Instead, she went with Groundhog Day and nonsense.

435 of 458 people found the following review helpful.
THAT'S how it ends?!? WTF!
By Jennifer
I'm a little pi$$ed off. Not going to lie. I was overjoyed to find One With You on my Kindle this morning. It picks up right where we left off in the previous book. The story had me hooked until 85%. Then suddenly the focus shifts from Gideon and Eva to Monica, Eva's mom. The rest of the book focuses 90% on her and her 'story.' The end is where I got just plain mad. SO many unanswered questions!!! What were you thinking Sylvia! What happens to Corinne? Was the baby actually Cary's? Did Tatiana have it? Does he reconcile with Trey? How could you leave us hanging like that?!? It's cruel! And what the eff kind of epilogue was that?!? ONE MONTH LATER?!? That's IT?!? I'm so disappointed!!

289 of 305 people found the following review helpful.
So Disappointed - Total letdown
By P. Talley
I came back to my review with the intention of deleting it and writing a new review. I was one of the first group of people to write a review, and I didn't want to give away any spoilers. But there were several people the review helped, so I'll just edit. I will tell you that I went back and skimmed through the book again. If I had rewritten the review, it would now only receive a 1 star rating.

So, I'll keep some of my original review at the end. But here is my new review. Only the very beginning of the book is where I used a spoiler. I didn't give anything away about the body of the story.

One mild spoiler from the first section of the book.

NEW REVIEW:

The one thing I was happy about is that the doctor immediately deflated Eva's ego by telling her what she was doing was emotional blackmail. Especially since Eva had just accused her mother of the same thing when Monica got upset until she got her way with Stanton. And Eva was very hateful toward her mother.

Also, she was so sure that she was right, and by forcing Gideon to share something he wasn't emotionally ready to share, that she had fixed the marriage, because, in her mind, it was him that needed fixing. She just needed to hurt him in order to get her way. When she found out (and how stupid was she really?) that she had pushed him into a corner by blackmailing him, she got all teary-eyed. It goes from there.

I feel like that should have been the end of book 4 actually.

Then book 5 should have picked up a few months later with Eva working at Crossfire with Gideon. Then she could continue her career goals while contributing to her own company with her husband. That way she could show her intelligence and strength. And they could have faced their enemies together and tied up all those plot lines: LanCorp, Corinne and the tell-all book, the reporter, Christopher, Dr. and Ann Lucas, etc. We could have seen her still interacting with her friends: Mark and Stephen's marriage, her friend who was abused, Stephens sister, etc.

Cary was supposed to move into the apartment at the penthouse. We could have followed his relationship with Eva and Gideon, and found out what happened with him and Trey, as well as the model who was supposed to be pregnant. Was she pregnant? Or did she have it aborted? Was the baby actually Cary's? Would Cary and Trey actually have a chance at a real relationship?

We could have seen Eva standing by her husband's side while he finally confronted and came to terms with his family. His nightmares weren't going to stop until he worked out the years of betrayal he had carried around with him. We needed to find out why Christopher hated him so much. There were also tidbits in the other stories about a history of Christopher's behavior that went far beyond the few things we were told about. Those needed to come to light and be dealt with.

That's what book 5 should have been about. How is Eva standing by her husband's side? How is she stronger and smarter? How is she going forward with her career? All those loose ends from all the unresolved plots should have been taken care of - and in a rational, believable way.

Unfortunately, if you're looking for any of these things in book 5, you will be sorely disappointed.

What you will see is lazy writing, irrational story resolutions, plot holes, and characters who only vaguely resemble the people you have come to know in the previous four books.

~~~~~~~~

Some reviewers complained because they felt nothing was resolved. My feeling was that the author was giving us a big "just kidding" - all that drama in the past 4 books - no big deal. It's nothing to worry about. Forget about it.

You might as well. The author did. All the things that were insurmountable in the last few books weren't even worth a moment's worry or thought to the characters any longer.

Lancorp? - just kidding - they weren't really a problem
Corrine - No worries. She's really no big deal. Tell-all book? Moving on; nothing to see here.
And on and on. All that drama we were waiting to be tackled - just wasn't. Not a worry any longer. Not a problem in their lives. Just not there.

Another reviewer pointed out that Gideon and Eva played around with mild BDSM in the other books. Nothing hardcore, but spanking and the swing. That was never brought up again. It wasn't part of their sex life. Did he just take down the swing and toss it in a closet? It suddenly wasn't part of his personality any longer. Why? Now they're Mr. and Mrs. Vanilla Sex living happily ever after on his money? She couldn't care less about a career? Maybe accepting an award for the company would be okay, or commenting on a game the company is putting out? And she's all satisfied? Were those even the same two people in the Crossfire Series?

There were actually a couple of places where there could have been angst or a bit of drama or plot - but the first incident was cleared up in a couple of paragraphs. The second incident was cleared up in a couple of pages.

And the ending plot twist was lame and ridiculous. It barely made sense. Once the reviews start really coming in, and spoilers are given out, I would be interested if anyone can explain to me how anything about that scenario was logical.

The Epilogue ?

I'll ask the question again - Who were these people and what did she do with Eva and Gideon?!

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Rabu, 25 Juni 2014

[K947.Ebook] Ebook The Deep Hot Biosphere: The Myth of Fossil Fuels, by Thomas Gold

Ebook The Deep Hot Biosphere: The Myth of Fossil Fuels, by Thomas Gold

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The Deep Hot Biosphere: The Myth of Fossil Fuels, by Thomas Gold

The Deep Hot Biosphere: The Myth of Fossil Fuels, by Thomas Gold



The Deep Hot Biosphere: The Myth of Fossil Fuels, by Thomas Gold

Ebook The Deep Hot Biosphere: The Myth of Fossil Fuels, by Thomas Gold

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The Deep Hot Biosphere: The Myth of Fossil Fuels, by Thomas Gold

Suppose someone claimed that we are not running out of petroleum? Or that life on Earth began below the surface of our planet? Or that oil and gas are not "fossil fuels"? Or that if we find extraterrestrial life it is likely to be within, not on, other planets? You might expect to hear statements like these from an author of science fiction. But what if they came from a renowned physicist, an indisputably brilliant scientist who has been called "one of the world's most original minds"? In the The Deep Hot Biosphere, Thomas Gold sets forth truly controversial and astonishing theories about where oil and gas come from, and how they acquire their organic "signatures." The conclusions he reaches in this book might be at first difficult to believe, but they are supported by a growing body of evidence, and by the indisputabel stature and seriousness Gold brings to any scientific enterprise. In this book we see a brilliant and boldly orginal thinker, increasingly a rarity in modern science, as he developes a revolutionary new view about the fundamental workings of our planet. Thomas Gold is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, a Fellow of the Royal Society, and an Emertius Professor at Cornell University. Regarded as one of the most creative and wide-ranging scientists of his generation, he has taughtat Cambridge University and Harvard, and for 20 years was the Director of the Cornell Center for Radiophysics and Space Research.

  • Sales Rank: #354378 in Books
  • Published on: 1998-11-06
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: .98" h x 6.41" w x 9.57" l,
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 243 pages

From Publishers Weekly
When scientists discovered thermophiles?primitive microorganisms that live in deep seafloor vents and eat hydrocarbons (chemicals like gasoline)?experts assumed the mysterious bugs had little to tell us about ourselves or about the earth's core. Cornell University Professor Emeritus Gold, however, who for 20 years directed the Cornell Center for Radiophysics and Space Research, here proposes the striking theory that "a full functioning... biosphere, feeding on hydrocarbons, exists deep within the earth, and that a primordial source of hydrocarbons lies even deeper." Most scientists think the oil we drill for comes from decomposed prehistoric plants. Gold believes it has been there since the earth's formation, that it supports its own ecosystem far underground and that life there preceded life on the earth's surface. The "deep hot biosphere" hypothesis would explain the thermophiles, the minerals and the oil Swedish drillers found in 1990 under rock where no one expected them. The hot goo and massed gas far under our feet would also explain some mysterious historical earthquakes (notably the New Madrid, Mo., shocker of 1811), and it would tell puzzled geologists why so many oil reserves just happen to sit underneath coal fields. As later chapters explain, if Gold is right, the planet's oil reserves are far larger than policymakers expect, and earthquake-prediction procedures require a shakeup; moreover, astronomers hoping for extraterrestrial contacts might want to stop seeking life on other planets and inquire about life in them.
Copyright 1998 Reed Business Information, Inc.

Review

From the reviews:

"always original, always important, usually controversial, and usually right"
- FROM THE FOREWORD BY FREEMAN DYSON

"an extraordinary theory from one of the world's most original minds."
- NIGEL HAWKES, THE TIMES, LONDON

"The leading supporter of the abiotic theory in the U.S. is Prof. Thomas Gold of Cornell. His 1999 book, The Deep Hot Biosphere (Springer-Verlag) is a thorough discussion of the issues. It is based in part on research financed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Among prominent scientists whose work supports the abiotic theory are Jean Whelan of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute, Mahlon Kennicutt of Texas A&M University, and J.F Kenny of the Gas Resources Corporation."
- http://www.humaneventsonline.com/article.php?id=4092

"There is much to be said about this important book … . Gold exhibits the irreversible and universal genius that we recognize in Aristotle and Leonardo da Vinci. … The versatility and range of knowledge exhibited is remarkable. … The Deep Hot Biosphere is a highly interesting and important book; it should be required reading for every geology student." (David Deming, Journal of Scientific Exploration, Vol. 17 (2), 2003)

"Thomas Gold is a physicist who is not afraid of controversy. … His big new theory … is that oil and natural gas are produced by geology and chemistry of the hot deep layers below the Earth’s surface … . The book is the best kind of science writing: contentious and passionate, with all the evidence there for you to weigh up." (New Scientist, August, 2001)

About the Author
Thomas Gold is one of the most wide-ranging distinguished scientists of the 20th century. A member of Britain's Royal Society and the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, he has made important discoveries in physiology (theory of hearing), astrophysics (theory of pulsars), cosmology (steady-state theory), and a theory of time, as well as the revolutionary contributions to geology and biology which appear in this book. He initiated the Space Sciences Program at Cornell University, where he now serves as Professor Emeritus.

Most helpful customer reviews

39 of 40 people found the following review helpful.
Revolutionary science
By Donald B. Siano
This morning's New York Times featured an article "Methane in Deep Earth: A Possible New Source of Energy" reporting on new research that partly confirms the claim in this book-- that the methane deep in the earth's mantle is primordial (not due to decayed buried vegetation) and is the source of petroleum. The article showed how methane can be generated from water and carbonate rock when the applied pressure is equal to that found in the mantle.

Gold's book describes research done largely by Russians and Ukrainians on the origin of oil, which has been shamefully discounted and ignored in the West. The Western dogma, he claims, is just another one of those things that nearly everyone believes, but is wrong.

I love books like this. It opens up a whole new world of important ideas and questions that need to be addressed, and make the scientific dogmatists who have "proved" their hypothesis by superficial reasoning from the most meager of data, coupled with proof by endless repetition, look as foolish as the geologists who rejected continental drift, or the idiots who still revere Freudian psychoanalysis.

Evidence that he presents is pretty convincing and is a good example of how many diverse lines of evidence can make the convergence on the truth inevitable. Many of the pieces of evidence were quite unknown to the formulators of the "fossil fuel" dogma who emphasize the limited reserves available for extraction. The composition of the gas giant planets with their tremendous quantities of methane can be used to plausibly argue for primordial gas on earth as well. The increasing realization among petroleum geologists that at least some petroleum reservoirs are being filled from below is startling news to many readers. The biological "markers" seen in petroleum are introduced by bacteria to petroleum on its migration toward the surface provide an alternative and plausible explanation of the facts. That Ukraine generates a third of its oil from reservoirs below all sedimentary rock is astounding.

As a physicist at the corporate research labs of a major oil company, I've sat through many presentations of petroleum exploration experts with their tables of C13 data, interpreted as signs of age and origins of oil, and I even then recognized the signs of smoke and mirrors. I only wish I'd read Gold earlier...

Gold's book is also concerned with many other aspects of the consequences of the presence of biology deep within the earth that are just as intriguing. That microbes exist deep in the earth and have a life style entirely independent from photosynthetic energy from the sun is an idea that is only now beginning to be accepted by some of the more daring Western petroleum engineers. Russians have known this for more than fifty years. The idea that better earthquake predictions can be made, and that fossil fuel reserves are much greater than publicized in the popular press, are big, important ideas that would have tremendous political impact if true.

I very much enjoyed Gold's style of writing, which is clear and straightforward, and the story he tells is a very important one, deserving of much more attention and research. The book has a gratifying number of illustrations and is well organized. The notes give a good introduction to the scientific literature on the subject, but I think some criticism can be leveled at Gold for writing as though he had been a major discoverer of many of the pieces of evidence, when he is actually playing more of a role as a popularizer for the findings of the Russians and others. But reviewers, and even popularizers, are not to be sneered at. They play an important and honorable role in the progress of science--Gold does an outstanding job here. Well worth reading.

22 of 23 people found the following review helpful.
Convincing arguments for a new paradigm
By Steven Zoraster
This is a very well written book. It presents a sequence of inter-related arguments suggesting radical re-thinking of the source of oil and gas on earth, the causes of earthquakes, and the origins of life. The arguments are consistent and to me, with no formal training in chemistry, physics or geology, convincing. What persuaded me most, was the way Gold's arguments tie-in with other research which correlate the discovery of oil and gas deposits with impact craters from asteroids, and many recent reports of new life forms in caves, in rocks, and under the sea. Life forms that thrive independently of solar energy. I have two reasons for giving this book a four star rating, instead of a five star rating. First, geologists I have talked to about the book have presented counter-arguments that might have been foreseen by Gold and answered in this book. (Those arguments have not convinced me Gold is wrong.) Second, the book would have been stronger if Gold had tied in the research I mentioned at the end of the previous paragraph. Still, Gold is only one man! And he writes much better than I do. Buy the book if you are willing to think outside the box.

15 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
Turning the World Upside Down
By A Customer
The phrase `paradigm shift' gets thrown around pretty loosely these days, but this book represents the real thing. For many years Thomas Gold has been the prime proponent of a theory that, if true, would change many commonly accepted theories in both geology and biology. In short, he believes that "fossil fuels' are generated be deep, underground methane sources that feed a vast subterranean biosphere of bacteria. If Gold is right, a lot of what we have been teaching for the last century is wrong. This is the kind paradigm shift that, literally, would require that the text books be rewritten. Scientists will not accept it unless the evidence is overwhelming. Gold recognizes this and he supports his theory with a great deal of evidence representing several independent lines of reasoning. In my mind, he succeeds in making his case. I opened the book as a skeptic, but I am now convinced that Gold is probably right. I look forward to watching the new consensus emerge.

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Jumat, 20 Juni 2014

[I950.Ebook] Get Free Ebook Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, Vol. 2From Eerdmans

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Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, Vol. 2From Eerdmans

Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, Vol. 2From Eerdmans



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Theological Dictionary of the Old Testament, Vol. 2From Eerdmans

This multivolume work is still proving to be as fundamental to Old Testament studies as its companion set, the Kittel-Friedrich Theological Dictionary of the New Testament, has been to New Testament studies.

Beginning with 'ābh ('āb), “father,” and continuing through the alphabet, the TDOT volumes present in-depth discussions of the key Hebrew and Aramaic words in the Old Testament. Leading scholars of various religious traditions (including Roman Catholic, Lutheran, Reformed, Anglican, Greek Orthodox, and Jewish) and from many parts of the world (Denmark, France, Germany, Great Britain, Greece, Israel, Italy, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden, Switzerland, and the United States) have been carefully selected for each article by editors Botterweck, Ringgren, and Fabry and their consultants, George W. Anderson, Henri Cazelles, David Noel Freedman, Shemaryahu Talmon, and Gerhard Wallis.

The intention of the writers is to concentrate on meaning, starting from the more general, everyday senses and building to an understanding of theologically significant concepts. To avoid artificially restricting the focus of the articles, TDOT considers under each keyword the larger groups of words that are related linguistically or semantically. The lexical work includes detailed surveys of a word’s occurrences, not only in biblical material but also in other ancient Near Eastern writings. Sumerian, Akkadian, Egyptian, Ethiopic, Ugaritic, and Northwest Semitic sources are surveyed, among others, as well as the Qumran texts and the Septuagint; and in cultures where no cognate word exists, the authors often consider cognate ideas.

TDOT’s emphasis, though, is on Hebrew terminology and on biblical usage. The contributors employ philology as well as form-critical and traditio-historical methods, with the aim of understanding the religious statements in the Old Testament. Extensive bibliographical information adds to the value of this reference work.

This English edition attempts to serve the needs of Old Testament students without the linguistic background of more advanced scholars; it does so, however, without sacrificing the needs of the latter. Ancient scripts (Hebrew, Greek, etc.) are regularly transliterated in a readable way, and meanings of foreign words are given in many cases where the meanings might be obvious to advanced scholars. Where the Hebrew text versification differs from that of English Bibles, the English verse appears in parentheses. Such features will help all earnest students of the Bible to avail themselves of the manifold theological insights contained in this monumental work.

  • Sales Rank: #314819 in Books
  • Published on: 1975-10-20
  • Original language: German
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.50" h x 1.25" w x 6.50" l, 1.98 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 508 pages

From the Back Cover
The intentions of the writers is to concentrate on meaning, starting from the more general, everyday senses and building to an understanding of theologically significant concepts.

About the Author
G. Johannes Botterweck (1917-1981) was professor of Old Testament and Catholic theology at the University of Bonn, Germany.

Helmer Ringgren (1917–2012) was professor of Old Testament interpretation at the University of Uppsala, Sweden.

Most helpful customer reviews

7 of 12 people found the following review helpful.
The Hebrew vocabulary of the Old Testament
By Diedrik Nelson
The editor says the the purpose of this dictionary is to analyze the religious statements of the Old Testament with the aid of all accessible resources and the present them in their peculiarity, in order to shed as much light as possible on the connections of the content of Old Testament though in a given text, tradition, or institution. To accomplish this goal 39 international Old Testament scholars have written articles on 53 Hebrew words found in the Old Testament, ranging from the word for "father" to that for "alone." There are articles on "light, "man," "God," "land," among others. While the words are arranged according to their Hebrew form, all Hebrew words are transliterated. This is the first of several volumes translated from the German original.

1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
TDOT Vol 2
By Tony R., Peterson
I'm not a biblical scholar and I can't read Hebrew, but I have the TWOT in book form as well as in the Online Bible. The TWOT references the correct page where words are found in the TDOT and I can then track words. After looking at the first 3 volumes and working some words, I can see how the TDOT is a great counterpart to the TDNT. I recommend it for anyone wanting to learn more about the Old Testament and the Hebrew language.

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Sabtu, 14 Juni 2014

[G178.Ebook] Ebook Free Modernising Money: Why Our Monetary System is Broken and How it Can be Fixed, by Andrew Jackson, Ben Dyson

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Modernising Money: Why Our Monetary System is Broken and How it Can be Fixed, by Andrew Jackson, Ben Dyson

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Modernising Money: Why Our Monetary System is Broken and How it Can be Fixed, by Andrew Jackson, Ben Dyson

  • Sales Rank: #1616780 in Books
  • Published on: 2012-11
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.21" h x .71" w x 6.14" l,
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 336 pages

Most helpful customer reviews

9 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
Radical and Refreshing Solutions
By Bernard
Modernising Money is a thoroughly researched and very timely investigation into the way money is created, managed and circulated by our commercial banks. Unlike many analyses of what is wrong with the current system however, it also offers very well thought through and workable solutions. As the Governor of the Bank of England is quoted as saying in October 2010 (quoted in the introduction) "Of all the many ways of organising banking, the worst is the one we have today."

To know what needs to change in our current system requires us to understand how it is operating today. Since the world of finance is highly complex and seemingly beyond the grasp of ordinary mortals this is no easy task. But, as this book demonstrates every detail of the way money is created and circulated can be easily understood. This book explains in simple language how money is created and who controls it.

The first chapters provide a fascinating account of how money has developed from the first coins produced in Ancient Greece, China and India in the 6th century BC right up to the electronic and virtual money of today. It describes how contrary to common belief, early complex societies relied not on a system of barter to conduct their trade but rather by making gifts to one another on the understanding that the favour would one day be returned. In other words there existed an undefined system of credits and debits. Only when these were quantified did money start to develop as units of account.

In tracing the historical development of money and banking from classical times right up to modern Britain, the authors present a very clear picture of each new step that was taken . They describe how and when the Bank of England was established, what its original remit was in the 17th century and how this gradually evolved during the course of the Industrial Revolution and beyond. An understanding of how money works and the effect it has on power relationships is essential if we are to understand why for instance the Breton-Woods post war settlement was pivotal in handing world leadership over to the United States. Signing the agreement made the dollar a global reserve currency.

The working of the current banking system is clearly described as are the problems that it causes. The idea that banks simply lend out what other customers deposit is very far from the truth. In granting a loan the bank simply notes a debit and a credit entry on their balance sheet. The money given out is recorded as a liability, the agreement to pay back the loan as an asset. In other words money (and debt) is created in that moment. Money supply increases when loans are agreed and reduced when it is paid back. This also means that the money I put in the bank is not my money but in that moment belongs to the bank. In return I have the promise that the bank will pay me an equivalent amount on demand.

Another important phenomenon is that of seignorage, the difference between the value of money and the cost to produce and distribute it. Up until about forty years ago a good percentage of the money in circulation was produced by the Bank of England and the seignorage went to the Treasury. Today 97% of all the money in circulation is created as debt by the banks and the seignorage profit goes to them. The result is that between 2000 and 2009 the state has foregone a trillion pounds. How many public services could that have funded?

Having carefully analysed and assessed the problems in our banking system in the first half of the book, the authors then offer a series of credible and relatively easy to introduce reforms that would radically alter the way banks operate by addressing six objectives

Create a stable money supply based on the needs of the economy.
Reduce the burden of personal, household and government debt.
Encourage investment in the real (non-financial) economy.
Re-align risk and reward.
Provide a structure of banking that allows banks to fail.

To achieve these aims some simple reforms are proposed, reforms that can be implemented without starting completely from scratch. These are described in an exact and easily understandable way. For example a major problem occurs when those who create the money also determine its use or when those who should be brokers have an interest in the money itself. It is vitally important that these functions are separated. After the reform the Bank of England becomes the organ whereby money is created (not just cash as at present but electronic money too). The commercial banks then lend out money that has been created elsewhere. The activity of money creation and loan arranging are kept clearly distinct. In practical terms this means that individuals will have access to debt and risk free money via Bank of England accounts. If they can then also open investment accounts with commercial banks and have a share in the risks and benefits.

Each of the clearly defined objectives are addressed in turn down to the smallest detail. Given the political will the whole reform could be easily and immediately implemented.

As well as offering real solutions to current problems this book promises to be an important and easy to read textbook on economics that deserves to become a key resource work for all students of economy.

Reviewed by Bernard Jarman

6 of 6 people found the following review helpful.
Today's money: A winning system ... but for whom?
By Elmarie Constance
From the beginning of the book:
A NOTE FOR READERS OUTSIDE THE UK
Although this book is written with the UK banking system in mind, the analysis is equally applicable to the banking and monetary system of any modern economy. While there are minor differences in rules and regulations between countries, almost all economies today are based on a monetary system that is fundamentally the same as that of the UK. Equally, the reforms prosposed here can be applied to any country that has its own currency, or any currency bloc, with only minor tailoring to the unique situation of each country.

From the Foreword:
"Money ranks with fire and the wheel as an invention without which the modern world would be unimaginable. Unfortunately, out-of-control money now injures more people than out-of-control fires or wheels. Loss of control stems from the privilege enjoyed by the private banking sector of creating money from nothing and lending it at interest in the form of demand deposits. This power derives from the current design of the banking system, and can be corrected by moving to a system where new money can only be created by a public body, working in the public interest."

Professor Herman Daly

Professor Emeritus
School of Public Policy
University of Maryland

Former Senior Economist at the World Bank

With no degrees or financial knowledge, I am merely a deeply concerned housewife. I concede that this was a big stretch from reading crime novels but, oh boy, was it worth it. Please, please, please read this book.

4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
"The times they are a changing."
By Christopher Thorpe
In my opinion, the 3 most important books of the 20th century were: Small is Beautiful - Fritz Schumacher, The Breakdown of Nations - Leopold Kohr and De-schooling Society by Iva Ilich. If you have some sympathy with this opinion, then the probably like me, you will think that this could be one of the 3 most important books of the 21st century. If however you still believe what governments, banks and economists are telling us, you will probably think that it is a laughable work of fiction. You would be wrong, but that would not stop you enjoying your tabloid newspaper (at least in the short term).
The way the financial system works, or rather doesn't work, is at the heart of most of the ills of our time. Without being a polemic against systems or personalities, this book analyses the serious financial problems that society has and then proposes workable solutions. Many people will not like the solutions proposed, but then flat earthers used to be in the majority!
A "must read" for anyone with the slightest interest in the future of the human race.

See all 16 customer reviews...

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Jumat, 13 Juni 2014

[J314.Ebook] PDF Ebook EU Bilateral Trade Agreements and Intellectual Property: For Better or Worse? (MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law)

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EU Bilateral Trade Agreements and Intellectual Property: For Better or Worse? (MPI Studies on Intellectual Property and Competition Law)

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​​​​ ​This book focuses on a new generation of bilateral and regional agreements negotiated by the EU with developing countries and which include intellectual property (IP) provisions setting standards exceeding those of the TRIPS Agreement. The contributions critically analyse the IP standards found in these agreements; their potential for reforming the international IP system; the implications for the multilateral IP system and other areas of international law such as human rights; and the often neglected topic of implementing the IP obligations in these agreements.​

  • Sales Rank: #1817863 in Books
  • Published on: 2013-11-14
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 9.21" h x .75" w x 6.14" l, 1.38 pounds
  • Binding: Hardcover
  • 303 pages

From the Back Cover
​​​​ ​This book focuses on a new generation of bilateral and regional agreements negotiated by the EU with developing countries and which include intellectual property (IP) provisions setting standards exceeding those of the TRIPS Agreement. The contributions critically analyse the IP standards found in these agreements; their potential for reforming the international IP system; the implications for the multilateral IP system and other areas of international law such as human rights; and the often neglected topic of implementing the IP obligations in these agreements.​

Most helpful customer reviews

0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
A very well researched, articulate and cutting edge issues
By Rashida Ridha
An excellent book for anyone who is involved with bilateral negotiations

See all 1 customer reviews...

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All's Fair (Love and War Book 1), by Sasha Gold

A Steamy, Contemporary, Stand-Alone Romance
Jackson Stenberg has harbored his hatred of the McGovern Family for too long. The time has come for the Texas rancher to reap revenge on the one McGovern who betrayed him – Katie. But when Katie wanders into his carefully laid trap, Jackson discovers vengeance doesn’t taste half as sweet as retribution.

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  • Sales Rank: #367463 in eBooks
  • Published on: 2014-11-26
  • Released on: 2014-11-26
  • Format: Kindle eBook

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0 of 0 people found the following review helpful.
Love it!
By Avidreader
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0 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
Great story!
By Bella Renee
I have read all Sasha Gold's books and enjoyed the all. The hero and heroine were written perfectly for me. This is a second chance love story and so sweet and sexy. Loved it!

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Senin, 09 Juni 2014

[J565.Ebook] Free Ebook The End of Socialism, by James Otteson

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The End of Socialism, by James Otteson

The End of Socialism, by James Otteson



The End of Socialism, by James Otteson

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The End of Socialism, by James Otteson

Is socialism morally superior to other systems of political economy, even if it faces practical difficulties? In The End of Socialism, James R. Otteson explores socialism as a system of political economy - that is, from the perspectives of both moral philosophy and economic theory. He examines the exact nature of the practical difficulties socialism faces, which turn out to be greater than one might initially suppose, and then asks whether the moral ideals it champions - equality, fairness, and community - are important enough to warrant attempts to overcome these difficulties nonetheless, especially in light of the alleged moral failings of capitalism. The result is an examination of the "end of socialism," both in the sense of the moral goals it proposes and in the results of its unfolding logic.

  • Sales Rank: #689266 in Books
  • Published on: 2014-09-29
  • Released on: 2014-09-29
  • Original language: English
  • Number of items: 1
  • Dimensions: 8.50" h x .51" w x 5.43" l,
  • Binding: Paperback
  • 240 pages

Review
"Distinguishing between what socialism has meant 'in principle' and what it has meant 'in practice', James Otteson deftly dissects the key claims that underlie the resurgent reliance on the state in society. In doing so, he harks back to a pre-Marxist conception of 'socialism', finessing a narrow focus on state-owned enterprise. This debate - the real debate - over socialism is as old as Plato, and as new as tomorrow's newspaper. A serious treatment of a serious subject."
Michael Munger, Duke University

"James Otteson is a very rare beast: he combines profound understanding with crystal-clear writing. This book is a devastating elucidation of the practical and theoretical difficulties that have caused the repeated failure of all systems of centralized planning, and socialism in particular."
Matt Ridley, author of The Rational Optimist

About the Author
James R. Otteson specializes in political philosophy, the history of economic thought, and political economy. He is the author of Adam Smith's Marketplace of Life (Cambridge, 2002) and Actual Ethics (Cambridge, 2006), the latter of which won the 2007 Templeton Enterprise Award. He is also the editor of The Levellers: Overton, Walwyn, and Lilburne, five volumes (2003). His most recent book is Adam Smith (2013). Otteson is Executive Director and Teaching Professor in the School of Business at Wake Forest University, Research Professor in the Department of Philosophy and in the Center for the Philosophy of Freedom at the University of Arizona, and Senior Scholar at the Fund for American Studies in Washington, DC.

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33 of 36 people found the following review helpful.
The End of Socialism
By David C. Rose
Suppose someone asked you if there was a book you could recommend that would provide a persuasive argument for why socialism is a bad idea. There are many good books to choose from. But I submit that the answer to that question has just gotten much simpler: read James R. Otteson's The End of Socialism. This book is a delight to read even for non-specialists while having a number of new things to say to specialists at the same time.

This book considers the costs and benefits of socialism through the lenses of practical feasibility and moral desirability. This integrated approach allows Otteson to reach an unambiguous conclusion about the efficacy of socialism despite the fact that the socialist experiment has never actually been run in what advocates of socialism would regard as a fair test. This is a huge achievement because many advocates of socialism view the past failures of socialism not as a call to rethink their positions but as evidence of the need to double-down their efforts.

Otteson has figured out how to refute socialism a priori, which is the only way to beat an argument for which evidence of adverse outcomes is viewed as evidence of the need to do more of what produced those adverse outcomes. Otteson makes his case through prose that is thoughtful and fair, and is never preachy or polemical.

In what follows I will not summarize the details of the argument because doing so could not do justice to Otteson's own presentation. You owe it to yourself to see how artfully Otteson weaves existing literature into his own argument. Instead, I will offer my interpretation of the overarching nature of what he has accomplished with this book so as to insure this review encourages readers to actually read the book itself.

Since there is no point in advocating a system that is worse, even under ideal conditions, than the system one already has, it is obvious that a proposed system's ultimate desirability should be evaluated. For advocates of socialism, at the top of the list of desirable attributes would be moral desirability. Otteson begins by stacking the deck against the rejection of socialism by focusing on moral desirability.

What if a system is desirable in the abstract but not in practice because it requires duties that cannot be performed? In this case no matter how desirable it is in principle it is a bad system. This is why a prevailing view in moral philosophy is that one cannot assert that we "ought" to have a given system unless we "can" do what is required to have it. Because of this "ought-can" principle Otteson treats the issue of feasibility as lexically primary to the issue of desirability, so after attending to some definitional issues (I especially like his discussion of people and systems that are not socialist by the old hardcore definition but are nevertheless socialist-inclined) he begins his analysis with feasibility.

Significantly, Otteson does not conclude that socialism is not feasible because it requires duties that are impossible for actual humans to fulfill. But not requiring impossible duties is just one element of feasibility. Just because people can do something doesn't mean they will have what they need to do that thing well or at reasonable cost. In the case of economic planning, one thing people must have is accurate and continuously updated information to make good choices from society's point of view about resource allocation.

This information problem is the crux of the "calculation debate" that was initiated by Mises and Hayek. The basic argument is that the price system addresses the pervasive problem of localized knowledge associated with decentralized economic activity. Absent market failure, market prices compel everyone to pay the full social opportunity cost of using any given resource. By making decisions in light of externally determined prices that everyone faces, people who don't know each other can simultaneously adjust their behavior in socially optimal ways without having to coordinate with each other. The problem with central planning is that central planners have to make resource decisions without the benefit of market determined prices that achieve this coordination without having to centralize activity.

For this reason central planning is incredibly inefficient, but it is not impossible. Central planners can, however imperfectly, direct resources and can even come-up with prices. The problem is that having central planners do so is so inefficient that it is very socially costly relative to having the free market system do so. But even if one system is far more costly than another, it does not necessarily follow that the more costly system does not produce greater net benefits.

Socialism's lack of market pricing is more costly than necessary in two distinct ways. The first is alluded to above and can be thought of as a static account. But socialism is also more costly in a dynamic sense, which Otteson discusses in terms of what he calls the "day two problem." After central planners have done what they need to do to achieve their objectives they will have, by construction, bumped society off an already efficient path. This marginally reduces output which intensifies the very problems that were believed to require intervention in the form of central planning in the first place. This calls for additional modifications, which creates yet another "day two" problem, and so on. The metaphor of the "day-two problem" cleverly shows us that bad as socialism is in a static sense, it produces inefficiency that feeds on itself over time. In this way, evidence of failure produces ever more impetus to do more of what produced the failure.

This almost seems like a sufficient argument to stop and not bother examining the inherent desirability of socialism. But all the foregoing does is explain why socialism is significantly more costly than the free market system. We could still conclude that the benefits are so great that they nevertheless exceed the costs, so socialism is still a better system.

Lest free market advocates conclude that this is so unlikely that there is no reason to bother reading the second half of Otteson's book, note that an advocate of socialism could read Otteson's discussion of why socialism is so costly relative to the free market system and then assert that it implicitly assumes an unchanging institutional environment.

This is a strong point because no infeasibility argument can preclude the possibility of future changes to technology and/or institutions that might reduce these costs. So even though the local knowledge problem is currently insurmountable without the benefit of free market pricing, it does not necessarily follow that this problem will always remain insurmountable. An advocate of socialism could therefore argue that we should be patient because no one said heaven on earth would be an easy or quick thing to build.

We did not, of course, have capitalism anywhere on earth 2000 years ago and this was because for capitalism to exist, certain background conditions must be met. Institutions of private property and contracting must be in place. Monetized exchange must be in place. Humans had to live in large enough groups for market pricing to meaningfully exist, and so on.

An advocate of socialism could argue that it is not fair to expect out of socialism in less than 200 years the required modifications to culture and institutions that capitalism needed 2000 years to achieve. So a cost-benefit evaluation of the efficacy of socialism has a real problem with converting the socialist inclined among us because they naturally presume that with just a little more time and effort we might evolve and devise institutions that will allow the implementation of socialism at low enough cost to produce net gains given the ample social benefits arising from its inherent moral desirability.

The bottom line is that no matter how costly socialism is as a system, as long as the cost is finite we cannot dispense with the evaluation of desirability. Here Otteson shifts gears to help us see that socialism is not a heaven on earth that happens to not be possible or that happens to be excruciatingly costly relative to the free market system. Socialism is, in fact, nothing like heaven at all, at least not for actual humans. Even if we set aside the problem of feasibility and consider life under socialism in the abstract, Otteson explains why it takes us to a place most of us don't want to go, at least not if we are serious when we say things like "I want to be free."

Otteson's analysis of desirability brought the following metaphor to mind. Suppose you could buy any house you wanted at no cost so you worked up plans attending to every detail - its location, the exterior design, the interior features, and so on. Then you build the house but after 6 months or so you find yourself less happy than before. You thought you wanted to live in the country, but now you never see your friends. You thought you wanted more space, but now you feel like you are living in an impersonal museum. And so on. You miss your old house.

When we think carefully about what humans are actually like and what it takes for most of them to be happy and fulfilled, we find that socialism robs them of the means by which actual humans achieve both things. It does so with the best of intentions, but it does so nonetheless. I cannot do Otteson's analysis justice here, but rest assured his arguments don't just pull together the best available thinking on the matter from others - he pulls in elements of his earlier work and offers many completely new insights, which I don't want to spoil here.

The main point, in any case, is that even if we set aside concerns about feasibility, socialism doesn't take us where we want to go. Now his book has come full circle. Socialism, like any political economy system, has costs and benefits. If the question is whether we should try to move to a socialist system from the one we already have, then the system we already have provides an obvious point of comparison for the computation of those costs and benefits.

Otteson has shown us that costs associated with implementing and running a socialist system are clearly much higher than the costs associated with the mostly free market system we already have. This alone does not doom the socialist enterprise, but let's call it strike one.

Otteson has also shown us that the benefits associated with having a socialist system - and this includes many of the laudable moral intentions of that system - are not what they seem, are often internally inconsistent, and are almost certainly lower than the benefits we already enjoy from the free market system we already have. This alone does not doom the socialist enterprise, either, but let's call it strike two.

Now put the two together. No matter how bad the current system is, if you move to another system and the expected costs go up while the expected benefits go down, then that new system is not better than what you have. There is no way out of reaching this conclusion.

By having both sides of the argument in play, Otteson has overcome the problem of not being able to provide empirical measures of change that would satisfy both sides of the debate with respect to the costs and the benefits involved. In doing so, he has ended the free ride that advocates of socialism have enjoyed by keeping their analysis trained on isolated margins. By considering both the feasibility and desirability of socialism in an integrated way, his qualitative analysis alone is enough for Otteson to throw strike three and that's the end of socialism.

Otteson concludes with a reference to Aesop's fable about the fox and the grapes. In the fable the fox can't reach the grapes even after trying repeatedly. He tries so hard because he's convinced they are sweet. But after giving up he says to himself that the grapes were probably sour anyway.

What Otteson has done is help us to avoid needless pain and suffering from trying to achieve socialism through endless modifications to our institutions and culture. That's incredibly important because not only will this effort not take us where we want to go, it will undermine the free market economy that has already made the good life possible. By helping us think very carefully about both the costs and benefits of socialism by considering both its feasibility and desirability, he has given us good reason for concluding the grapes are sour without enduring any further pain and suffering from continuing to reach for them. The fact that we might later discover how to build a ladder so we can reach them is also irrelevant, because we already know they are sour.

If you have already read one of Otteson's earlier books, you will find that this one is also incredibly clear and thoughtful while never being ponderous or pedantic. If you haven't already read one of his earlier books, you are in for a real treat. This is his most ambitious effort yet and it delivers. If you have any interest in political economy, political theory and philosophy, or if you just happen to care about one of them most important questions of our age, this book is a must read.

10 of 11 people found the following review helpful.
In this excellent book, Jim Otteson deftly spells out in lucid ...
By Max Hocutt
In this excellent book, Jim Otteson deftly spells out in lucid and readable prose both the economic and the moral case against socialism, central management of the economy, and for its opposite, free exchange of labor and goods under simple rules.
Reviewing an already enormous but increasing body of empirical evidence, Otteson shows in the first half of his book that the more government control there is the less economy there is, and the more freedom of exchange there is the more prosperity there is. Command economies such as the former Soviet Union collapse entirely or, as in North Korea, produce widespread starvation and misery. Welfare states such as those of Western Europe last longer because they support their redistributionist programs with limited market economies; but prospects decline as transfers increase and the markets are constricted by regulation or starved by taxation.
Citing such economists as Adam Smith and Friedrich Hayek, Otteson explains why this is so. Despite a common presumption to the contrary, no central authority can know enough about the needs, local situations, and talents of individual agents to be able to direct all economic activities efficiently. So the authorities make one-size rules that fit nobody and no place, or they wastefully misdirect resources and labor for political rather than economic reasons. Also, as more wealth is redistributed from a decreasing number of producers to an increasing number of rent-seeking consumers, the economic pie gets smaller and smaller.
Invoking the moral philosophy of Immanuel Kant in the second half of his book, Otteson argues that a society which maximizes individual liberty is also to be preferred because of its commitment to respect for the dignity of its members. A paternalistic concern to minimize inequality by managing lives and redistributing wealth treats those on the government teat as incompetent children while milking the rest as if they were government owned cows. By contrast, allowing as many people as practicable to enjoy the goods they earn and suffer the evils they incur while living their lives as they see fit is treating them as responsible adults. Grant that, under this dispensation, productive citizens will grow richer than those less talented or industrious. The poorest will still be better off than they would be in any other society, and they will keep their self-respect.
We would all be better served if these truths were understood more widely. Otteson has done an excellent job of summarizing them.

8 of 9 people found the following review helpful.
A great book on the problems of Socialism that also examines the moral failings of Socialism
By sien
The End of Socialism (2014) by James Otteson is a book that makes the practical and moral case that Socialism is a bad idea. Otteson was interviewed on Econtalk and presents a summary of his ideas there. Otteson is a professor of economics.
Otteson first goes into the practical details of Socialism where he points out that the Knowledge problem, or Socialist calculation problem provides an incredibly difficult, probably impossible challenge to the construction of a successful Socialist society. He also points out the enormous motivational problems that a Socialist economy has. He also makes the interesting point that people who espouse Socialism rarely think about, yet alone examine, exactly how wealth would be produced under complete Socialism let alone increased.
This section on the practical details of Socialism is bolstered by all available evidence and the fact that there has never really been a wealthy socialist society.
In the second section Otteson goes into how he believes that capitalism is also a more moral system than socialism. Otteseon points out that Socialism necessarily fails to recognise and respect the moral choices made by individuals. He also applies Coatesian externality theory to point out that if luck leads to differing outcomes that it is just as unfair to take something away from one person as it is to give to another.
The book makes the practical case very strongly and easily but the moral case is one that is less often made. While Otteson is arguing against a system that, generally speaking, has failed in the real world it's still an argument worth making. Toward the end of the book he starts to criticize the welfare state somewhat. But these ideas are Otteson's ideal level of welfare are not discussed in detail.
The book is definitely worth reading and thinking through. For anyone unfamiliar with the Socialist calculation problem it's an excellent introduction to the problems involved.

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